Ensure your active mobility device meets these requirements before riding them on public paths and roads: 

For Manual Bicycles and Three-wheeled Pedal Cycles

On public paths:

1. Maximum weight of 20kg
2. Maximum width of 70cm
3. At least one functioning handbrake is required to be installed at the handlebar of the device

On roads:

1. Maximum width of 130cm
2. Maximum length of 260cm
3. At least one functioning handbrake is required to be installed at the handlebar of the device

For Manual Recumbents

On public paths:

1. Maximum weight of 20kg
2. Maximum width of 70cm
3. At least one functioning brake operated by the rider's hand(s) or feet

On roads:

1. Maximum width of 130cm
2. Maximum length of 260cm
3. At least one functioning brake operated by the rider's hand(s) or feet
4. A bright-coloured flag on a pole of a reasonable height

For Motorised Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs) and E-scooters

1. Maximum weight of 20kg
2. Maximum width of 70cm
3. Maximum motorised device speed of 25km/h to ensure users do not exceed the speed limit
4. Certified to the UL2272 device safety standard (PDF, 284kB), which is listed on LTA's whitelist (PDF, 1.8MB) to address fire risks and improve public safety¹
5. New e-scooters to be sold or let hire by retailers/companies are required to pass a Registration Inspection and must be registered with LTA. Before purchasing an e-scooter, ensure that it is registered with LTA and that the transfer of ownership of the e-scooter is completed upon purchase.
   
6. Registered e-scooters will be called up for periodic inspection every 2 years to ensure that they remain compliant with LTA’s device criteria for use on public paths. E-scooters that do not pass inspection will be deregistered by LTA. 
7. Registered e-scooters should have a unique registration number and an LTA-issued registration mark displayed on the e-scooter. The registration mark should be affixed intact at the front or at the sides of your e-scooter stem, and must be upright, intact, unobscured, and not void/damaged.
8. Individuals under 16 years old must not ride an e-scooter on cycling paths, unless they are supervised by an adult who is at least 21 years old. Those who intend to supervise an individual below 16 years old to ride an e-scooter must familiarise themselves with the guidelines of a supervisor (PDF, 177kB)
9. E-scooter riders are required to pass the mandatory theory test for e-scooter before they are able to ride on cycling paths. Find out more details on the test formats and e-handbooks (PDF, 47kB)

¹Please note that motorised luggage (PDF, 118kB) are considered as motorised PMDs (i.e. e-scooter), and will have to comply with the device criteria for motorised PMDs, including certification to the UL2272 device safety standard, and registered with LTA before they can be ridden on cycling paths.

For Power Assisted Bicycles (PABs)

1. Maximum weight of 20kg
2. Maximum width of 70cm when riding on public paths, or 130cm when riding on roads
3. Maximum length of 260cm when riding on roads
4. Type-approved, sealed and registered at an LTA-Authorised Inspection Centre, and that it bears a registration plate on the rear of the PAB. Find out more about the registration process of PAB and the list of type-approved PAB models (PDF, 2.6MB).
5. Comply with European Standard, EN15194 
6. Motor power of the PAB must be progressively reduced and finally cut off as the bicycle reaches 25km/h, or sooner, if the cyclist stops pedalling
7. View the list of technical requirements of PAB
8. PAB riders who are under 16 years old must not ride PABs on cycling paths and roads, even if they are supervised by an adult
9. PAB riders must not carry a passenger on a PAB on cycling paths and roads, if the passenger is under 16 years old
10. PAB riders are required to pass the mandatory theory test for PAB before they are able to ride on cycling paths and on roads. Find out more details on the test formats and e-handbooks (PDF, 47kB)

For Personal Mobility Aids (PMAs) (Mobility Scooters and Motorised Wheelchairs)

1. Maximum motorised device speed of 10km/h
2. A mobility scooter must satisfy the following: 
   (a) Has 3 or more wheels and a footboard;
   (b) Is steered by handlebars or delta tiller;
   (c) Has only one seat (i.e. devices with multiple seats are not considered mobility scooters);
   (d) Is designed to carry only one individual who is unable to walk or has difficulties walking; and
   (e) Is propelled by a motor that forms part of the vehicle.
   

Owners of motorised devices (motorised PMDs, PABs and PMAs) should refrain from using non-original batteries, which may pose fire risks. See the accompanying infographic on safe charging practices for motorised devices (JPG, 302kB) and fire safety tips (JPG, 142kB).

Rules for Active Mobility device riders

All riders of Active Mobility devices such as bicycles, three-wheeled pedal cycles, recumbents, Power-Assisted Bicycles (PABs), Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs), Personal Mobility Aids (PMAs) must adhere to these rules under the Active Mobility Act:

1. No using of mobile communication devices while riding
2. Stop and look out for traffic before riding across the road
3. Dismount and push your device when you see a “No Riding” sign (except PMA users)
4. Switch on your front white and rear red light when riding in the dark
5. Stop, offer help, exchange particulars, and make a police report if you are involved in an accident
6. No carrying of passengers for when riding a recumbent

Guidelines for AM device riders and pedestrians

Being gracious and looking out for others, yourself and your device keeps everyone safe on paths. All path users should always give way to more vulnerable users, and follow these guidelines.

All AM device (bicycles, three-wheeled pedal cycles, recumbents, PABs, PMDs, PMAs) riders should:

1. Always give way to pedestrians
   
2. Watch your speed and go slow around others
3. Slow down when approaching bus stops and/or intersections of public paths
4. Walk your device in crowded areas
5. Gently alert others before overtaking
6. Keep left on paths unless overtaking
7. Ride on bicycle crossings and dedicated cycling paths if available. AM device users may occasionally need to cross into the adjacent Pedestrian-Only Path to avoid obstacles, access an estate path or reach a traffic junction on the cycling path, but they must do so carefully. Please keep a lookout for pedestrians when you cross onto the Pedestrian-Only Path, and return to the cycling path immediately after. Enforcement officers will consider the ground situation when detecting offences. PMA users are allowed on Pedestrian-Only Paths together with pedestrians
8. Keep a safe distance from other path users, especially when overtaking to avoid a collision
9. Avoid shining your lights onto the face of other path users
10. Check that your lights, brakes and tyres are in good working condition before setting off
11. Check the height of the handlebars and seat on your device to ensure that you have full control of it when coming to a sudden stop in an emergency
12. Keep both hands on the handlebars. Signal your intention to change course or make a turn ahead of time
13. Park your devices at designated parking places such as bicycle racks and yellow boxes. Be sure to securely lock your devices (PDF, 388kB) to prevent it from being stolen
14. For shared bicycles: park your shared bicycle only in designated parking zones, which can be located using your bicycle sharing application. Look out for the QR code located near the parking area and scan it to end your trip. You may be banned from using shared bicycles if you fail to end trip at designated parking zones. For more details, read this parking guide (PDF, 255kB)

Pedestrians should:

1. Keep left unless overtaking
2. Keep to pedestrian crossings and Pedestrian-Only Paths if available, as dedicated cycling paths are meant for devices travelling at faster speed. If you must deviate from the Pedestrian-Only Path to navigate an obstacle and cross into the adjacent cycling path, please do so when it is safe, and return to the Pedestrian-Only Path immediately after.
3. Stay alert when on public paths. Refrain from using mobile communication devices (including listening to music) in a manner that will  prevent you from detecting danger or oncoming obstacles

Read the full code of conduct for public path users (PDF, 93kB) under the Active Mobility Act.

On-road Rules for cyclists and PAB riders 

Road safety is a shared responsibility. All cyclists (including three-wheeled pedal cycle and recumbent riders) and power-assisted bicycle (PAB) riders must adhere to the following rules when riding on roads. Specifically, cyclists and PAB riders must: 

1. Obey all traffic signals and travel in the same direction as the flow of traffic
2. Wear a helmet when cycling on roads
3. Always ride as close as practicable to the far left edge of roads, and allow traffic to overtake you safely
4. Cycle in a single file on single-lane roads and during bus lane operational hours¹
5. Switch on front white and rear red light² in the dark
6. Always use bicycle lanes when available³, and do not use any other part of the roadway
7. Keep to a maximum length of 5 devices when riding in groups, which means a maximum of 5 cyclists if riding in single file, or 10 cyclists if riding two abreast⁴
8. Not use mobile communication devices while riding 
9. Not cycle on expressways, road tunnels and selected viaducts (PDF, 62kB)
10. Not carry passengers when riding a recumbent

¹Otherwise, cycling two abreast is allowed.

²Rear red reflectors can be used on bicycles, three-wheeled pedal cycles, recumbents and power-assisted bicycles (PABs). 

³Bicycle lanes are available along (1) Tanah Merah Coast Road; and (2) West Camp Road (Sundays from 5am to 11am).

⁴This does not apply to bicycle lanes at (1) Tanah Merah Coast Road; and (2) West Camp Road (Sundays from 5am to 11am).

 On-road Guidelines for cyclists and PAB riders

Cyclists (including three-wheeled pedal cycle and recumbent riders) and PAB riders are encouraged to adopt the following practices to safeguard themselves and share the roads safely with motorists.

1. Keep a straight course, do not weave through traffic and avoid sudden swerves
2. Keep a safe distance behind moving vehicles. Do not hold on to the back or side of motor vehicles and maintain awareness of traffic when riding
   
3. Do not squeeze between the kerb and a bus that has stopped at a bus stop, or a turning vehicle and a kerb
   
4. Slow down and look out for other road users when approaching bends, junctions, bus stops and pedestrian crossings or when passing a parked car
   
5. If the hill is too steep, get off and walk with the device. Keep your cycling speed under control when riding on downhill roads
   
6. Wear bright-coloured clothing to increase your visibility to other vehicles and pedestrians
   
7. Plan ahead and pick the safest route, and keep out of heavy traffic as much as possible
   
8. Do not carry anything in your arms that may interfere with the proper control of your device
   
9. Check the height of the handlebars and seat on your device to ensure that you have full control of it when coming to a sudden stop in an emergency
10. Keep both hands on the handlebars. When signalling your intention to change course or make a turn, do so ahead of time and return your hand to the handlebars before you turn
    
11. When cycling in groups, maintain a minimum distance of 30 metres or 2 lamp posts between groups. Overtake other groups only when it is safe to do so

Refer to this poster (PDF, 1.8MB) for tips on safe passing and overtaking on roads, and the handbook (PDF, 2.9MB) covering rules and guidelines on safe road use for both motorists and cyclists.

Read the full code of conduct for cycling on roads in the Highway Code and Traffic Police's website.

Third-party liability insurance products for non-commercial riders

LTA strongly encourages non-commercial riders to purchase active mobility insurance to protect yourself from personal accident expenses and third-party injury claims. The following are some products¹ (PDF, 86kB) available on the market: 

• AA Personal Mobility Plus (AAS Insurance Agency Pte Ltd, underwritten by Liberty Insurance Pte Ltd)
• PA Fitness Protect (NTUC Income) 

¹This list is not meant to be exhaustive nor imply endorsement or recommendation of any of these products or companies. You should make your own assesment on the product that best meet your needs. 

Mandatory third-party liability insurance requirements for businesses

Read the mandatory requirements for active mobility insurance for businesses and commercial riders for more information.  

The Active Mobility Advisory Panel (AMAP) (PDF, 447kB) is commissioned in July 2015, and is led by Mr Baey Yam Keng, Senior Parliamentary Secretary for the Ministry of Transport & the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment. AMAP comprises a diverse mix of representatives from different stakeholder groups including seniors, youths, persons with disabilities, cyclists, motorists and grassroots leaders.

The Panel conducts regular reviews of active mobility regulations to enhance road and path safety. You can view AMAP’s past reports below: 

• 2016: The Panel recommended a set of rules and code of conduct for cycling and use of PMDs (PDF, 2.1MB) which were accepted in full by the Government and incorporated into the Active Mobility Act.
  
• 2018: The Government accepted the Panel’s recommendations (PDF, 2.4MB) on 4 September 2018 and have implemented them on 1 February 2019.
• 2019: The Government accepted the Panel’s recommendations (PDF, 1.23MB) with an expanded scope on 4 December 2019.
• 2020: AMAP submitted its recommendations (PDF, 808kB) to the Government on 30 December 2020.
• 2021: AMAP submitted its recommendations for the review of on-road safety (PDF, 646kB) to the Government on 1 October 2021.
• 2023: AMAP submitted its recommendations for the review of regulations for cargo bicycles, cargo tricycles, rider-only tricycles and recumbents on paths and roads (PDF, 2.1MB) to the Government on 20 February 2023.
• 2023: AMAP submitted its recommendations for the review of regulations for personal mobility aids (PDF, 1.1MB) to the Government on 14 December 2023.

Only UL2272 motorised PMDs are allowed on cycling paths. Non-UL2272 e-scooters that were previously registered with LTA have been automatically de-registered since July 2020. It is an offence to ride a non-UL2272 motorised PMD on public paths, and first-time offenders may face a fine of up to $10,000 and/or up to 6 months' jail term, if convicted. It is also an offence to ride an unregistered e-scooter on public paths, and first-time offenders may face a fine of up to $2,000 and/or up to 3 months' jail term, if convicted.

Non-UL2272 motorised PMDs are a fire risk, and should be properly and safely disposed of. If a non-UL2272 motorised PMD causes a fire that results in property damage or death, criminal investigations may be conducted.

Owners may safely dispose of their device(s) at any of the e-waste recyclers specified in the table below. Please note that a fee may be imposed by the recyclers.

The devices listed in this notification (PDF, 162kB) have been impounded by the Land Transport Authority. 

For enquiries/requests:

• Contact us through our online portal at www.lta.gov.sg/feedback
• Email to feedback@lta.gov.sg

If we do not receive any request within 14 days after publishing the notification, in accordance with the law, we will prepare for the disposal of these devices.

We will then proceed to dispose of the devices in this Gazette (PDF, 239kB) 1 month after its publication.